Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi (SFRC) uhlobo olusha lwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezingathululwa futhi zifuthwe ngokufaka inani elifanele lefayibha yensimbi emfushane kukhonkrithi evamile. Ithuthuke ngokushesha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe eminyakeni yamuva nje. Inqoba ukushiyeka kwamandla aphansi okudonseka, ukunwebeka okuncane kanye nempahla ebuthakathaka yekhonkrithi. Inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu njengamandla okudonseka, ukumelana nokugoba, ukumelana nokucheba, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokukhathala kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Isetshenziswe kubunjiniyela be-hydraulic, imigwaqo namabhuloho, ukwakhiwa kanye neminye imikhakha yobunjiniyela.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha (i-FRC) isifinyezo sekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha. Ngokuvamile iyinhlanganisela esekelwe kusimende eyakhiwe nge-cement paste, udoti noma ikhonkrithi kanye ne-fiber yensimbi, i-fibre engakhiqizi noma izinto eziqiniswe ngefayibha ephilayo. Iyizinto zokwakha ezintsha ezakhiwe ngokuhlakaza imicu emifushane nemincane ngokulinganayo ngamandla aphezulu okuthamba, ukunwebeka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-alkali ku-matrix yekhonkrithi. I-fibre kukhonkrithi inganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwemicu yokuqala kukhonkrithi kanye nokwanda okuqhubekayo kwemicu ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle, inqobe ngempumelelo amaphutha angokwemvelo njengamandla aphansi okuthamba, ukuqhekeka okulula kanye nokumelana nokukhathala okungekuhle kwekhonkrithi, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kokungangeni kwamanzi, ukungangeni manzi, ukumelana neqhwa kanye nokuvikelwa kokuqinisa ikhonkrithi. Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha, ikakhulukazi ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi, idonsele ukunaka okwengeziwe emibuthanweni yezemfundo kanye nobunjiniyela kwezobunjiniyela obusebenzayo ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. 1907 Isazi saseSoviet uB П. Hekpocab saqala ukusebenzisa ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi; Ngo-1910, uHF Porter washicilela umbiko wocwaningo kukhonkrithi emfushane eqiniswe ngefayibha, ephakamisa ukuthi imicu yensimbi emifushane kufanele ihlakazwe ngokulinganayo kukhonkrithi ukuze kuqiniswe izinto ze-matrix; Ngo-1911, uGraham wase-United States wanezela i-fiber yensimbi kukhonkrithi evamile ukuze athuthukise amandla nokuzinza kwekhonkrithi; Ngawo-1940, i-United States, iBrithani, iFrance, iJalimane, iJapane namanye amazwe ayesecwaninge kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-fiber yensimbi ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ikhonkrithi ye-fiber yensimbi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuma kwe-fiber yensimbi ukuthuthukisa amandla okubopha phakathi kwe-fiber kanye ne-matrix yekhonkrithi; Ngo-1963, uJP romualdi no-GB Batson bashicilela iphepha mayelana nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi evalelwe ye-fiber yensimbi, futhi baphetha ngokuthi amandla okuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi evalelwe ye-fiber yensimbi kunqunywa yisikhala esimaphakathi se-fiber yensimbi edlala indima ephumelelayo ekucindezelekeni kokudonsa (inkolelo-mbono yokuhlukanisa i-fiber), ngaleyo ndlela kwaqala isigaba sokuthuthukiswa esisebenzayo sale nto entsha ehlanganisiwe. Kuze kube manje, ngokusabalalisa nokusetshenziswa kwekhonkrithi evalekile ye-fiber yensimbi, ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okuhlukile kwe-fiber kukhonkrithi, kunezinhlobo ezine ikakhulukazi: ikhonkrithi evalekile ye-fiber yensimbi, ikhonkrithi evalekile ye-fiber evalekile, ikhonkrithi evalekile ye-fiber yensimbi kanye nekhonkrithi evalekile ye-hybrid.
2. Indlela yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi
(1) Ithiyori ye-composite mechanics. Ithiyori ye-composite mechanics isekelwe kuthiyori ye-continuous fiber composites futhi ihlanganiswe nezici zokusatshalaliswa kwe-steel fibers kukhonkrithi. Kulo thiyori, i-composites ibhekwa njenge-composites yezigaba ezimbili lapho i-fiber njengesigaba esisodwa kanye ne-matrix njengesigaba esinye.
(2) Ithiyori yokuhlukanisa i-fiber. Ithiyori yokuhlukanisa i-fiber, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-crack resistance theory, iphakanyiswa ngokusekelwe ku-linear elastic fracture mechanics. Le thiyori ithi umphumela wokuqinisa we-fiber uhlobene kuphela ne-fiber space esakazwe ngokulinganayo (i-minimum space).
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sokuthuthukiswa kwekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi
1. Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi. Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi uhlobo lwekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngendlela efanayo futhi eqondiswe ngezindlela eziningi eyakhiwe ngokufaka inani elincane lensimbi ephansi yekhabhoni, insimbi engagqwali kanye nemicu ye-FRP kukhonkrithi evamile. Inani lokuxuba lefayibha yensimbi ngokuvamile liyi-1% ~ 2% ngevolumu, kuyilapho ifayibha yensimbi engu-70 ~ 100kg ixutshwa kumitha ngayinye yekhonkrithi ngesisindo. Ubude befayibha yensimbi kufanele bube ngu-25 ~ 60mm, ububanzi kufanele bube ngu-0.25 ~ 1.25mm, kanti isilinganiso esihle kakhulu sobude nobubanzi kufanele sibe ngu-50 ~ 700. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhonkrithi evamile, ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezelwa, ukucheba, ukugoba, ukuguguleka kanye nokuqhekeka, kodwa futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kokuqhekeka kanye nokumelana nomthelela kukhonkrithi, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu ukumelana nokukhathala nokuqina kwesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ukuqina kungandiswa izikhathi eziyi-10 ~ 20. Izakhiwo zemishini zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi kanye nekhonkrithi evamile ziqhathaniswa eShayina. Uma okuqukethwe yi-fiber yensimbi kungu-15% ~ 20% kanti isilinganiso sikasimende wamanzi singu-0.45, amandla okudonsa anda ngo-50% ~ 70%, amandla okuguquguquka anda ngo-120% ~ 180%, amandla omthelela anda izikhathi eziyi-10 ~ 20, amandla okukhathala komthelela anda izikhathi eziyi-15 ~ 20, ukuqina kokuguquguquka kunda izikhathi eziyi-14 ~ 20, kanti ukumelana nokuguguleka nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukhonkolo oluqinisiwe lwe-fiber yensimbi lunezakhiwo ezingcono zomzimba nezemishini kunekhonkrithi engenalutho.
4. Ukhonkolo we-hybrid fiber
Idatha yocwaningo efanele ikhombisa ukuthi i-fiber yensimbi ayikhuthazi kakhulu amandla okucindezela ekhonkrithi, noma ngisho nokuwanciphisa; Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhonkrithi ecacile, kunemibono emihle nemibi (ukwanda nokwehla) noma ngisho nemibono ephakathi mayelana nokungangeni, ukumelana nokuguguleka, umthelela kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwekhonkrithi eqiniswe nge-fiber yensimbi kanye nokuvimbela ukushwabana kwekhonkrithi ngepulasitiki kwasekuqaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhonkrithi eqiniswe nge-fiber yensimbi inezinkinga ezithile, njengomthamo omkhulu, intengo ephezulu, ukugqwala kanye nokungabi nakumelana nokuqhuma okubangelwa umlilo, okuthinte ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ezinye izazi zasekhaya nezakwamanye amazwe zaqala ukunaka ikhonkrithi ye-hybrid fiber (HFRC), zizama ukuxuba imicu enezakhiwo nezinzuzo ezahlukene, zifundane, futhi zinike ukudlala "umphumela omuhle we-hybrid" emazingeni ahlukene kanye nezigaba zokulayisha ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezahlukene zekhonkrithi, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamaphrojekthi ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nezakhiwo zayo ezahlukene zemishini, ikakhulukazi ukuguquguquka kwayo kokukhathala kanye nomonakalo wokukhathala, umthetho wokuthuthukiswa kokuguquguquka kanye nezici zomonakalo ngaphansi kwemithwalo engaguquki neguquguqukayo kanye nemithwalo ye-cyclic ye-amplitude noma ye-variable amplitude engaguquki, inani lokuxuba elifanele kanye nesilinganiso sokuxuba se-fiber, ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxenye zezinto ezihlanganisiwe, umphumela wokuqinisa kanye nendlela yokuqinisa, ukusebenza kokulwa nokukhathala, indlela yokwehluleka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwakha, Izinkinga zomklamo wesilinganiso sokuxuba zidinga ukufundwa kabanzi.
5. Ukhonkolo oluqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi enezingqimba
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha ye-monolithic akulula ukuyixuba ngokulinganayo, ifayibha kulula ukuyihlanganisa, inani lefayibha likhulu, futhi izindleko ziphezulu, okuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa inani elikhulu lobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo lwethiyori, kuphakanyiswa uhlobo olusha lwesakhiwo sefayibha yensimbi, ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha yensimbi yengqimba (LSFRC). Inani elincane lefayibha yensimbi lisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ezindaweni eziphezulu nezingezansi ze-road slab, kanti phakathi kusese ungqimba lwekhonkrithi olulula. Ifayibha yensimbi ku-LSFRC ngokuvamile isatshalaliswa ngesandla noma ngomshini. Ifayibha yensimbi inde, kanti isilinganiso sobubanzi bobude ngokuvamile siphakathi kuka-70 ~ 120, okubonisa ukusatshalaliswa okunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngaphandle kokuthinta izakhiwo zemishini, le nto ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa kakhulu inani lefayibha yensimbi, kodwa futhi igwema isimo sokuhlanganiswa kwefayibha ekuxubeni ikhonkrithi eqinisiwe yefayibha ehlanganisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhundla sesendlalelo sefayibha yensimbi kukhonkrithi sinomthelela omkhulu emandleni e-flexural ekhonkrithi. Umphumela wokuqinisa wesendlalelo sefayibha yensimbi phansi kukhonkrithi ungcono kakhulu. Njengoba isikhundla sesendlalelo sefayibha yensimbi sikhuphuka, umphumela wokuqinisa uyancipha kakhulu. Amandla okugobeka kwe-LSFRC angaphezulu kuka-35% kunalawo ekhonkrithi ecacile enesilinganiso esifanayo sokuxuba, okuphansi kancane kunalawo ekhonkrithi eqinisiwe yensimbi ehlanganisiwe. Kodwa-ke, i-LSFRC ingonga izindleko eziningi zezinto zokwakha, futhi akukho nkinga yokuxuba okunzima. Ngakho-ke, i-LSFRC iyinto entsha enezinzuzo ezinhle kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho kanye namathuba okusetshenziswa okubanzi, okufanele ukuthandwa nokusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemigwaqo.
6. Ukhonkolo we-hybrid fiber onezingqimba
Ikhonkrithi eqiniswe nge-Layer hybrid fiber (LHFRC) iyinto ehlanganisiwe eyakhiwe ngokungeza i-polypropylene fiber engu-0.1% ngokusekelwe ku-LSFRC futhi isabalalise ngokulinganayo inani elikhulu lemicu ye-polypropylene emincane nemifushane enamandla aphezulu okuthamba kanye nokwelulwa okuphezulu kokugcina kukhonkrithi ye-fiber yensimbi ephezulu nephansi kanye nekhonkrithi ecacile ongqimbeni oluphakathi. Inganqoba ubuthakathaka bekhonkrithi ecacile ephakathi ye-LSFRC futhi ivimbele izingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona ngemva kokuba i-fiber yensimbi engaphezulu igugile. I-LHFRC ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla e-flexural ekhonkrithi. Uma iqhathaniswa nekhonkrithi ecacile, amandla ayo e-flexural ekhonkrithi ecacile anda cishe ngo-20%, futhi uma iqhathaniswa ne-LSFRC, amandla ayo e-flexural anda ngo-2.6%, kodwa ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ku-flexural elastic modulus yekhonkrithi. I-flexural elastic modulus ye-LHFRC iphakeme ngo-1.3% kunekhonkrithi ecacile futhi iphansi ngo-0.3% kune-LSFRC. I-LHFRC ingaphinde ithuthukise kakhulu ukuqina kwekhonkrithi, futhi inkomba yayo yokuqina kwekhonkrithi cishe iphindwe ka-8 kunekhonkrithi ecacile kanye nephindwe ka-1.3 kune-LSFRC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusebenza okuhlukile kwemicu emibili noma ngaphezulu ku-LHFRC kukhonkrithi, ngokwezidingo zobunjiniyela, umphumela omuhle we-hybrid we-fiber yokwenziwa kanye ne-fiber yensimbi kukhonkrithi ungasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina, ukuqina, ukuqina, amandla okuqhekeka, amandla e-flexural kanye namandla okudonsa ezinto, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo yezinto ezibonakalayo.
——Abstract (Shanxi architecture, Vol. 38, No. 11, Chen Huiqing)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-24-2022