Njengoba ukushisa kwehlobo kunyamalala nomoya uphenduka ucwebezela, umuzwa wokulindela ugcwalisa izinhliziyo zezigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Emiphakathini yaseShayina kanye nabathandi bamasiko emhlabeni jikelele, lesi sikhathi sonyaka siphawula ukufika koMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla—iholide eligcwele umlando, uphawu, kanye nokulangazelela ukuxhumana okubanzi. Eyaziwa nangokuthi uMkhosi Wenyanga noma iZhongqiu Jie ngesiMandarin, uwela ngosuku lwe-15 lwenyanga yesishiyagalombili yenyanga, lapho inyanga kukholakala ukuthi isezingeni layo eliyindilinga, elikhanyayo, futhi elikhanya kakhulu. Lesi senzakalo sasezulwini sisebenza njengesifanekiso esinamandla sokuphelela, ukuhlangana komndeni, kanye nezibopho ezihlala njalo ezidlula ibanga. Ngaphezu kosuku lokuphumula nje, uMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla uyisiko eliphilayo, elihlanganisa izinganekwane zasendulo, izimpande zezolimo, kanye nemikhosi yesimanje ibe yindwangu ehlonipha isikhathi esidlule ngenkathi yamukela okwamanje.
Imvelaphi: Izinganekwane, Isivuno, kanye Nezimpande Zasendulo
Imvelaphi yoMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla isukela eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3,000, isekelwe emikhubeni yezolimo esebenzayo kanye nezinganekwane ezicacile. Izimpawu zayo zokuqala zingatholakala eBukhosini bukaShang (1600–1046 BCE), lapho imiphakathi yasendulo yaseShayina yayibamba imikhosi yokukhulekela inyanga. Ngokungafani nemibuthano yanamuhla yemikhosi, le mikhuba yokuqala yayiyimicimbi ebalulekile, egxile ekubongeni unkulunkulu wenyanga ngesivuno esikhulu. Abalimi babekholelwa ukuthi imijikelezo yenyanga yayithonya ukukhula kwezitshalo—ukukhanya kwayo okuthambile okuqondisa ukunisela kwasebusuku kanye nezigaba zayo ezibonisa isikhathi esifanele sokutshala nokuvuna. Ukuhlonipha inyanga kwakungeyona nje isenzo esingokomoya kodwa kwakuyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuchuma kwesikhathi esizayo, okwenza umkhosi uboshwe ngokujulile emigqumeni yemvelo.
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, le mikhuba yezolimo yahlangana nezinganekwane nezinganekwane, okwenza umkhosi ube ngumuntu ocebile oxoxa indaba. Indaba edumile kakhulu kulezi zinganekwane yindaba kaChang'e, unkulunkulukazi weNyanga, indaba eye yadluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi isalokhu ibalulekile emikhosini yaseMid-Autumn namuhla. Ngokusho kwenganekwane, uChang'e wayengumkaHou Yi, umcibisheli onekhono. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ilanga eliyishumi laliphuma ndawonye esibhakabhakeni, lishisa umhlaba futhi lisongela isintu ngesomiso. UHou Yi wadubula ilanga eliyisishiyagalolunye, wasindisa umhlaba, futhi wavuzwa nge-elixir yokungafi. Wanika uChang'e i-elixir ukuze ayigcine, emyala ukuba angaphuzi. Kodwa-ke, umngane kaHou Yi ohahayo wazama ukweba i-elixir ngesikhathi engekho. Ukuze ayivikele, uChang'e waphuza i-elixir ngokwakhe wabe esentanta waya enyangeni, lapho ebehlala khona kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ephelezelwa unogwaja we-jade kuphela. Njalo ngonyaka eMkhosini Waphakathi Nokwindla, abantu babheka phezulu enyangeni, benethemba lokubona uChang'e nonogwaja wakhe, bese bethumela izifiso zabo zokuhlangana kabusha nenjabulo kubantu abaseduze nakude.
Omunye umuntu obalulekile emlandweni we-Mid-Autumn nguWu Gang, umgawuli wezinkuni ojeziswe onkulunkulu ukuba agawule umuthi we-osmanthus ongafi enyangeni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usika kanzima kangakanani, umuthi uyazelapha ngobusuku obubodwa, umgwebela umsebenzi waphakade. Umuthi we-osmanthus usube uphawu lomkhosi—izimbali zawo ezinephunga elimnandi ezivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-dessert endabuko kanye nama-tea, kanye nesithombe sawo esihlobisa izibani kanye nemihlobiso. Ndawonye, izindaba zikaChang'e noWu Gang zengeza ukujula kanye nomlingo emkhosini, ziguqula umkhosi wokuvuna olula ube yinto yamasiko ecebile ngemizwa kanye nencazelo.
Ukuvela Komkhosi: Kusukela Emasikweni Ombuso Kuya Emikhosini Yomhlaba Wonke
Nakuba izimpande zoMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla zindala, isimo sawo sanamuhla siye sashintsha phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, sakhiwe izinguquko zamakhosi, ukushintsha kwezenhlalo, kanye nokushintshana ngamasiko. Ngesikhathi soBukhosi bukaTang (618–907 CE), umkhosi waqala ukuba nomlingiswa wemikhosi. Imindeni yasebukhosini yayiba namadili amakhulu ngaphansi kwenyanga, lapho izimbongi zaziqamba khona amavesi zidumisa ubuhle benyanga, kanti abaculi babedlala izingoma zendabuko. Abantu abavamile nabo bahlanganyela, behlangana nomndeni ukuze babelane ngokudla, bandiza izibani, futhi bancome inyanga. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho ama-mooncakes—manje asewukudla okudumile kakhulu komkhosi—aqala ukuhlanganiswa nomkhosi, yize ekuqaleni ayengama-pastry alula agcwele ubhontshisi omnandi noma i-lotus seed paste.
Ubukhosi Bengoma (960–1279 CE) baphawula ukuguquka koMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla, njengoba waba yiholide elisemthethweni. Ukuthandwa kwama-mooncakes kwanda, futhi aqala ukwenziwa ngezimo nezinambitheka eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile ezidwetshwe ngemiklamo yenyanga, izimbali ze-Chang'e, noma izimbali ze-osmanthus. Izibani nazo zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemikhosi—zaklanywa ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ngezimo zezilwane, izimbali, nezidalwa zasenganekwaneni, zazikhanyiswa futhi zithwalwa emigwaqweni, ziguqula ubusuku bube ulwandle lokukhanya. Lesi sikhathi sabona nokwanda “kwamaqembu abuka inyanga,” lapho izazi nabaculi babehlangana khona ezingadini, baphuze iwayini, futhi baxoxe ngefilosofi ngenkathi bebuka inyanga. Le mibuthano yasiza ekuqiniseni idumela lomkhosi njengesikhathi sokuzindla, ubuciko, kanye nokushintshana kwengqondo.
NgeMing (1368–1644 CE) kanye neQing (1644–1912 CE), uMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla wawusuyisiko elithandwayo kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi. Ama-mooncake athuthuka kakhulu, ngokufakwa kwamaqanda anosawoti phakathi nendawo—okufanekisela inyanga egcwele—kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zokugcwalisa, okuhlanganisa ubhontshisi obomvu, imbewu ye-lotus, ngisho nezinketho ezimnandi njenge-ham. Lo mkhosi waba yisikhathi sokuphana izipho, njengoba abantu beshintshana ngama-mooncake nezithelo nabangani, umndeni, kanye nozakwabo njengophawu lwentando enhle. Kwezinye izifunda, kwavela amasiko ahlukile: eSifundazweni saseGuangdong, isibonelo, abantu babenemicimbi “yezimfumbe zelantern”, lapho izimfumbe zazibhalwa khona ezibanini, futhi labo ababezixazulula bawina imiklomelo emincane. ESifundazweni saseFujian, imindeni yayindiza izibani zesibhakabhaka, ibhala izifiso zayo ezibanini ngaphambi kokuzidedela esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku, lapho zazintanta khona phezulu njengezinkanyezi ezincane.
Ekhulwini lama-20 nelama-21, uMkhosi Wase-Mid-Autumn udlule imvelaphi yawo yaseShayina waba umkhosi womhlaba wonke. Njengoba imiphakathi yaseShayina isakazeka emhlabeni wonke—kusukela eSingapore naseMalaysia kuya e-United States naseYurophu—baletha umkhosi, bawuvumelanisa namasiko endawo ngenkathi begcina amasiko awo ayinhloko. Emadolobheni afana neNew York, eLondon, naseSydney, imicimbi yomphakathi yase-Mid-Autumn ifaka imidanso yama-dragon, imidlalo yamabhubesi, imibukiso yezibani, kanye nezitolo zokudla ezithengisa ama-mooncakes nezinye izibiliboco zaseShayina. Le mikhosi ayigcini nje ngokuhlanganisa imiphakathi yaseShayina kodwa futhi yethula ubuhle kanye nencazelo yomkhosi kubantu bazo zonke izizinda, ikhuthaza ukuqonda nokwazisa kwamasiko ahlukahlukene.
Imikhosi Yanamuhla: Ukuhlonipha Isiko Ezweni Elishintshayo
Namuhla, uMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla usalokhu uyisikhathi sokuhlangana komndeni, yize impilo yanamuhla ingeze izinguquko ezintsha emasikweni amadala. Kubantu abaningi, umkhosi uqala ngesidlo sakusihlwa somndeni—idili lezitsha zendabuko njengedada elithosiwe, ingulube eyosiwe, kanye ne-shrimp yamanzi ahlanzekile, konke okufanekisela inala nokuchuma. Ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa, imindeni ibuthana ngaphandle (noma ngasefasiteleni, uma isimo sezulu sibi) ukuze ibukise inyanga egcwele, ngokuvamile ngenkathi idla ama-mooncakes futhi iphuza iwayini noma itiye le-osmanthus. Ama-mooncakes, ikakhulukazi, ashintshe ukuze avumelane nokunambitheka kwesimanje: ngenkathi ukunambitheka okuvamile njengembewu ye-lotus nobhontshisi obomvu kusathandwa, manje sekunama-mooncakes “amasha” agcwele ushokoledi, i-ayisikhilimu, i-matcha, noma ngisho ne-caramel enosawoti. Amanye ama-bakery nawo anikeza ama-mooncakes “anempilo”, enziwe ngokugcwaliswa okunoshukela ophansi noma ama-crusts okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okunakekela abathengi abaqaphela impilo.
Izibani ziwuphawu oluhlala njalo lomkhosi, yize ukwakheka kwazo kushintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izibani zephepha zendabuko, ezivame ukupendwa ngesandla ngezigcawu ezivela ezinganekwaneni zaseShayina, zisathandwa, kodwa manje zabelana ngokukhanya ngezibani ze-LED—ezikhanyayo, ezimibalabala, futhi ezisebenzisa amandla kahle. Kwamanye amadolobha, imibukiso yezibani ezinkulu ibekwa emapaki noma ezigcawini zomphakathi, okudonsela izixuku zezivakashi. Enye yemibukiso edumile kakhulu iseVictoria Park yaseHong Kong, lapho izinkulungwane zezibani (kufaka phakathi isibani esikhulu esibunjwe njengenyanga) zikhanyisa isibhakabhaka sasebusuku, zidala umoya omangalisayo.
Ezizukulwaneni ezisencane, uMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla nawo uyisikhathi sokuzijabulisa nokuxhumana nabantu. Intsha eningi ihlela “amaphathi okubuka inyanga” nabangani, lapho idlala khona imidlalo, ithatha izithombe ngezibani, futhi yabelana ngama-mooncakes. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinkundla zokuxhumana zidlale indima ekugujweni komkhosi: abantu bathumela izithombe zesidlo sakusihlwa semindeni yabo, izibonisi zezibani, noma ama-mooncakes ezinkundleni ezifana ne-WeChat, i-Instagram, ne-TikTok, babelane ngenjabulo yabo nabangani nabalandeli emhlabeni jikelele. Amanye amabhrendi nawo angene esivumelwaneni saphakathi noKwindla, ekhipha ama-mooncakes anohlobo olulinganiselwe noma ebambisana nabaculi ukudala imiklamo yezibani eyingqayizivele, ehlanganisa isiko nokumaketha kwesimanje.
Naphezu kwalezi zimo zesimanje, incazelo eyinhloko yoMkhosi Wase-Mid-Autumn ayishintshi: uwumkhosi wobunye, ukubonga, nethemba. Ezweni lapho abantu bevame ukuhlukaniswa ibanga, umsebenzi, noma amashejuli amatasa, umkhosi usikhumbuza ukubaluleka kokunciphisa ijubane, ukuxhumana nabathandekayo, nokwazisa injabulo elula yokuphila. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nibuthene etafuleni lesidlo sakusihlwa nomndeni, nibuka izibani epaki, noma nithumela ikhekhe le-mooncake kumngane okude, uMkhosi Wase-Mid-Autumn yisikhathi sokuhlonipha isikhathi esidlule, ukwazisa okwamanje, nokubheka phambili ekusaseni eligcwele injabulo nokuhlangana kabusha.
Isiphetho: Umkhosi Wazo Zonke Izinkathi Zonyaka
UMkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla awuyona nje iholide—ungumcebo wamasiko, ubufakazi bamandla ahlala njalo esiko, kanye nomkhosi wesifiso somuntu sokuxhumana. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo okuthobekile njengomkhuba wezolimo eShayina yasendulo kuya esimweni sawo njengomkhosi womhlaba wonke, umkhosi uye washintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa awukaze ulahlekelwe umbono wezindinganiso zawo eziyinhloko: umndeni, ukubonga, kanye nobuhle benyanga.
Njengoba sibheka phezulu enyangeni egcwele ngosuku lwe-15 lwenyanga yesishiyagalombili, asigcini nje ngokubuka umzimba wasezulwini—sijoyina isiko elineminyaka engu-3,000 ubudala, uchungechunge lwezinkumbulo nemikhosi esixhumanisa nokhokho bethu kanye nomunye nomunye. Sicabanga ngoChang'e nekhaya lakhe elihlala lodwa enyangeni, ngoWu Gang nomsebenzi wakhe waphakade, ngabalimi ababonga isivuno esihle, kanye nemindeni ehlangana kabusha ngemva kwezinyanga zokuhlukana. Ngaleso sikhathi, sonke siyingxenye yento enkulu kunathi—umphakathi womhlaba wonke oboshwe yizindaba ezihlanganyelwe, amasiko ahlanganyelwe, kanye namathemba ahlanganyelwe.
Ngakho-ke kulo Mkhosi Waphakathi Nokwindla, thatha isikhashana uphumule. Yidla ikhekhe le-mooncake, ukhanyise isibani, bese ubheka phezulu enyangeni. Thumela isifiso kothandekayo wakho, noma umane uhlale uthule futhi ubonge ubuhle bobusuku. Ngokwenza kanjalo, awugcini nje ngokugubha umkhosi—ugcina isiko liphila, elizoqhubeka likhanya, njengenyanga egcwele, izizukulwane ezizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-30-2025